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Allergies
Xanthan gum may be derived from a variety of source products that are themselves common allergens, such as corn, wheat, dairy, or soy. As such, persons with known sensitivities or allergies to food products are advised to avoid foods including generic xanthan gum or first determine the source of the xanthan gum before consuming the food.
To be specific, an allergic response may be triggered in people exceedingly sensitive to the growth medium, usually corn, soy, or wheat.[12] For example, residual wheat gluten has been detected on xanthan gum made using wheat.[12] This may trigger a response in people exceedingly sensitive to gluten. Although, the vast majority of industrially manufactured xanthan gum contains far less than 20 ppm gluten, which is the EU limit for "gluten free" labelling.
Xanthan gum is a "highly efficient laxative," 
according to a study that fed 15 g/day for 10 days to 18 normal volunteers. This is not a dosage that would be encountered in normal consumption of foodstuffs. This study set out to examine the use of xanthan gum as a laxative. As described above, xanthan gum binds water very efficiently, which significantly aids passing stools.[13] Some people react to much smaller amounts of xanthan gum with symptoms of intestinal bloating and diarrhea.
There are many substitutes for xanthan gum when used for baking such as guar gum and locust bean gum.
